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The Ethiopian state originated in the Aksumite kingdom, a trading state that emerged about the first century A.D and controlled most of modern-day Yemen just across the Red Sea.

Around 950 Queen Gudit led a destructive mission which started the decline of the ancient axumite era giving way to the medieval era and was preceeded by the Zagwe dynasty followed 1270 ca by the Solomon dynasty. During this same period Judaism and Islam grew to be powerful forces in Ethiopia. In the 17th century King Fasiledus, established the then capital of Ethiopia, Gondar.

The first part of the modern era colored by such powerful figures like Emperor Tewodros II was much about uniting Ethiopia. Even though succesfully defeated by Emperor Menelik II in Adwa in 1896 at one of the many attempts during this period Ethiopia experienced the arms of colonialism, facism with much impact on the progress of the nations transition into the modern era, as elsewhere in Africa. After an interlude by Iyyasu, Emperor Menelik II's designated heir and, after him, Zewditu, Ras Tafari, later Haile Selassie was proclaimed Emperor of Ethiopia in 1930.
  • Ancient Ancient

    According to tradition, the Ethiopian kingdom was founded (10th century BC) by Solomon's first son, Menelik I, whom the queen of Sheba is supposed to have borne. However, the first kingdom for which there is documentary evidence is that of Axum, a kingdom which probably emerged in the 1st century AD, making Ethiopia the one of the most ancient in the world.

  • Medieval Medieval

    The Ethiopian culture we know today may be said to date from between the ninth and eleventh centuries, coinciding with Axum's political decline. Judaism and Islam grew to be powerful forces in Ethiopia. The Felasha (Jewish) queen Yodit, daughter of the quasi-legendary Gideon, led a destructive expedition against Axum around 950.

  • Modern Modern

    The reunification of Ethiopia was begun in the 19th cent. By Kasa (Lij Kasa; c.1818-68), who conquered Amhara, Gojjam, Tigray, and Shoa, and in 1855 had himself crowned emperor as Theodore II. He began to modernize and centralize the legal and administrative systems, despite the opposition of local governors.

  • Heritage Heritage

    Few nations, if any, can boast the historic splendour of Ethiopia, evidence of whose extraordinary past is everywhere, from its rock-hewn churches, still places of living worship, to its ancient historical traditions and magnificent cultures. Ethiopia is a nation of surprises, full of diversity and contrast, from the ancient to the modern.
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